The Important Difference between Human and Chimpanzee Chromosomes
THE IMPORTANT DIFFERENCE BETWEEN
HUMAN AND CHIMPANZEE CHROMOSOMES
The latest genomic comparison between human being and chimpanzee
DNA has revealed that the differences between these two living things are more
complex than had been expected.
A study published in the latest edition of the British scientific
journal Nature (1) compared the chimpanzee chromosome 22 with its equivalent,
the chromosome 21 in humans. The study, performed by the International Chimpanzee
Chromosome 22 Consortium, revealed important differences. The Nature
news service announced the study under the headline "Chimp chromosome creates
puzzles" and included the interpretation, "First sequence is unexpectedly different
from human equivalent." The same article also included these words by Dr. Jean
Weissenbach, from France's National Sequencing Centre in Evry: "Chromosome 22
makes up only 1% of the genome, so in total there could be thousands of genes
that significantly differ between humans and chimps."
This study, which produced such unexpected differences between
the living things in question, also once again reveals that the genetic similarity
propaganda frequently reflected in the press is not based on a sound logical
progression. The studies that evolutionists use as a propaganda tool for their
claims that "man is 99% chimpanzee" do not actually fully represent the two
living things' genomes. That is because there is an as yet unfinished chimpanzee
genome study still going on. That being the case, it is unrealistic for evolutionists
to generalise from the results obtained from the comparison of partial DNA components.
To draw an analogy, that interpretation resembles announcing that two books
with a 99% similarity in two of their paragraphs in their letter sequences are
going to have the same level of similarity in all their other paragraphs, without
even looking at these. That leads to a deceptive picture. That is because the
deceptive nature of the previous studies used as propaganda vehicles by evolutionists
have been openly admitted by scientists engaged in this research. In the same
way that the research has revealed similarities between the two living things,
it has also come up with previously unknown information, or information interpreted
entirely differently by evolutionists.
In the research it was determined that 1.44% of the chimp chromosome
22 consists of single base substitutions known as single nucleotide polymorphisms
(SNPs), and that there were differentiations known as indels (insertions and
deletions) in some 68,000 regions. Indels are an expression of insertions and
deletions in the mutual nucleotide sequences of the genomes compared. In the
chimp chromosome 22, the length of these may be limited to 30 nucleotides in
some regions and be as high as 54,000 nucleotides in others.
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indels
The way that the differences in protein coding regions did not
lag behind non-coding regions in proportionate terms and led to differences
in the proteins produced by these, was a most astonishing discovery for scientists.
From an evolutionary perspective, scientists used to regard non-protein coding
regions as left over from the imaginary evolutionary process, and as junk DNA.
Again from that point of view, the likelihood that similarities in regions coding
protein during the imaginary evolutionary process had been maintained was regarded
as relatively higher than that in non-coding regions. According to the theory
of evolution, since they were not functional and should have been eliminated
by natural selection, levels of similarity between humans and chimps should
have been rather low. In this study, the realisation that in terms of differences
between the two living things the protein coding regions were very close to
the non-protein coding regions revealed results that were the exact opposite
of evolutionist expectations. For more detail about the invalidity of the junk
DNA claim, see http://www.darwinism-watch.com/junk_dna_myth.php).
Differences at the amino acid sequence level were
determined in 83% of the 231 coding sequences. The effect on protein structure
of the differences between the two living things further increases the size
of the differences. This, in turn, reveals that earlier studies
that showed these differences to be only superficial, were deceptive.
Yoshiyuki Sakaki, director of the RIKEN Genomic Sciences Center
in Japan and also president of the research consortium, says with regard to
the protein structure that the differences have a big effect, and that the
impression given be previous studies that revealed a difference of between 1.23%
and 5% was misleading. (3)
A Reuters report regarding the research quoted scientists as saying:
"Clearly, the genomic differences between humans and chimps are
much more complicated than conventional wisdom has portrayed."
(4)
The results of the study aimed at deciphering the chimpanzee genome
are expected to be unveiled at the end of this year, and since this study is
based on partial DNA comparison it will be far from offering a totally clear
picture. However, the deceptive nature of the evolutionist propaganda that seeks
to show the genetic differences between human and chimp as superficial has already
been revealed.
The research also constitutes a final example of the double standards
used by the Darwinist media in publications regarding comparative genetic studies.
This study, that revealed a difference as high a level as 83% and that astonished
scientists, was ignored by certain circles in Turkey, as it was in many countries
of the world, and was not announced. If you wish you can read about previous
examples of the bigotry of the Darwinist media reporting on similar high levels
of similarity HERE.
1. Fujiyama, A. et al. “DNA sequence and
comparative analysis of chimpanzee chromosome 22,” Nature 429,
27 May 2004, pp. 382 - 388
2. Laura Nelson, “First chimp chromosome creates puzzles”, Nature
Science Update, 27 May 2004, http://www.nature.com/nsu/040524/040524-8.html
3. Cathy Holding, “Chimps are not like humans”, the-Scientist.com,
27 May 2004, http://www.biomedcentral.com/news/20040527/01
4. Maggie Fox, “Chimp DNA almost identical to ours”, Reuters,
27 May 2004, (our emphasis) http://www.abc.net.au/science/news/enviro/EnviroRepublish_1117169.htm
